The Concept of Religious Tolerance in Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) : Study on the Responses of NU to the Government's Policies on Islamic Affairs in Indonesia based on the Perspective of Tolerance (1984-1999)
Das Konzept der religiösen Toleranz in der Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) : Studie über die Anworten der NU auf die islamischen politischen Maßnamen der Regierung in Indonesien nach der Perpektive von der Toleranz (1984-1999)
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| SWD-Schlagwörter: | Religious Tolerance | |
| Freie Schlagwörter (Deutsch): | Religiöse Toleranz | |
| Freie Schlagwörter (Englisch): | Nahdhatul Ulama , Religious Tolerance | |
| Basisklassifikation: | 11.80 , 11.07 | |
| Institut: | Asien-Afrika-Institut | |
| DDC-Sachgruppe: | Andere Religionen | |
| Dokumentart: | Dissertation | |
| Hauptberichter: | Conrad, Lawrence I. (Prof. Dr.) | |
| Sprache: | Englisch | |
| Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: | 16.11.2005 | |
| Erstellungsjahr: | 2005 | |
| Publikationsdatum: | 27.02.2007 |
| Kurzfassung auf Englisch: | Abstract This dissertation is entitled “The Concept of Religious Tolerance in Nahdhatul Ulama (NU): Study on the Responses of NU to the Government’s Policies on Islamic Affairs in Indonesia on the Perspective of Tolerance (1984-1999)”. The choosing of time period from 1984 to 1999 is based on the fact that NU’s socio-cultural condition in this period indicates that the degree of tolerance at the elite level were more striking than in previous years. Meanwhile, NU was established on January 31, 1926 in socio-political and socio-cultural conditions, which demanded internal religious tolerance in the Islamic community. The awareness of this demand for tolerance made NU as a religious and social organization able to adapt itself to various existing social and political demands. Therefore, based on its high tolerance, in responding to various policies of the government, NU sometimes acted and thought moderately, so that the organization was seen being too accommodative and opportunistic. The research is intended to reveal scientific facts concerning NU’s tolerance to the government’s policies on Islamic affairs, especially when it was under the leadership of K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur: 1984-1999) by not ignoring its previous periods to gain complete comprehension on the examined subject matter. In addition, correlations are expected to be found between ideas at the elite level and their comprehensions at the grassroots level by finding the underlying thoughts accompanying the correlations. Based on this consideration, I carried out the research by using some approaches such as gathering relevant written data contained in books, important documents, and articles in printed media. In addition, observations and interviews were carried out by taking samples in two locations of research (Jombang-East Java and Tasikmalaya-West Java). To describe the findings of the research, I used the comparative method and, mainly, analytical-descriptive method. In general, the results of this research indicate that: First, the need for tolerance in a pluralistic society is confirmed by the fact that NU is not the only religious social organization in Indonesia facing socio-political realities, which were not in accordance with its religious traditions. Second, the trend towards accommodative and moderate attitudes, which originated the high tolerance on the part of NU when it faced the government’s policies on Islamic affairs, cannot be separated from the historical reality, which served as background for religious concept and characters of NU’s ulamas. Third, by considering NU’s community, it could be concluded that one’s high level of religious comprehension probably lead to a high level of tolerance, so that one’s low level of formal education does not necessarily indicate a low level of tolerance if he/she has a high level of religious comprehension. |
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