Abstract (Summary)
The transmission of reformist Islam in nineteenth century Indonesia was influenced significantly by intellectual network that was established in Mecca and Medina between key Indonesian and Haramayn `ulam a' . In the nineteenth century the holy cities attracted a number of Javanese `ulama' who, in addition to studying and teaching, wrote important legal treatises, by which they transmitted their reformist ideas throughout the archipelago. Having accomplished their objectives of studying with leading scholars in the Haramayn, most of them returned to Java, where they established themselves as leading reformers, whose influence remain important this day.
Nawawi al-Bantani, Salih Darat, and Rifa`i Kalisalak were among the most notable nineteenth century Javanese `ulama' who studied in the Haramayn. After mastering various Islamic sciences they returned home to transmit their reformist ideas; these include a gradual effort to purify Islam from local corrupting influences, reformulation of Islamic doctrines into more practical and functional guidelines, and a reconciliatory effort to transform mystical oriented Islam into more shari`a oriented practice. These reformist ideals undoubtedly constituted a major change in the course of Islam in the region, especially in the nineteenth-century.
This dissertation attempts to elucidate Islamic reformist ideas transmitted by these three `ulama'. Despite the fact that they all studied in the Haramayn under the tutelage of Shafi` i scholars, they differed in terms of the emphases and approaches in their Islamic reformist agenda. Al-Bantani, who spent years in the Haramayn as a student and was appointed as a shaykh, was primarily concerned with Islamic reform on a conceptual level. Salih Darat, who spent a shorter period of his intellectual engagement with the Haramayn `ulama', emphasized the translation of Islamic teachings into realistic and more easily understood treatises which were intended to address daily life and practical issues. On the other hand, Kalisalak was mainly concerned with the transformation of Islam into more progressive activism especially in the context of his adversarial attitudes towards the Dutch colonial presence in Indonesia.
| School: | University of Arkansas |
| School Location: | United States -- Arkansas |
| Keyword(s): | Middle East, Indonesia");'>Indonesia, Islam");'>Islam, Nineteenth century, Southeast Asia, Haramayn, Reformist, Ulama |
| Source: | DAI-A 69/05, Nov 2008 |
| Source type: | Dissertation |
| Subjects: | Religion, Middle Eastern history |
| Publication Number: | AAT 3317793 |
| ISBN: | 9780549660996 |
| Document URL: | http://proquest |
| ProQuest document ID: | 1553999481 |
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